Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

by Emily Zhou

In light of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Awareness month, let’s dispel some myths surrounding the syndrome and learn about the disorder!

To begin, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age, 15 - 44 years of age. The symptoms of PCOS include menstrual irregularity, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity. PCOS is also a common cause of infertility due to irregular ovulation. Women of all races and ethnicities are at risk of PCOS. However, your risk of PCOS may be higher if you have obesity or if you have a mother, sister, or aunt with PCOS.

Interestingly, the exact cause of PCOS is not yet known. Scientists believe PCOS may be influenced by genetics; women with PCOS have more androgens than normal. Androgens are sometimes called "male hormones," although all women make small amounts of androgens. Higher than normal androgen levels in women can prevent the ovaries from releasing an egg (ovulation) during each menstrual cycle and can cause extra hair growth and acne, two signs of PCOS.

Furthermore, many women with PCOS have insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone that controls how the food you eat is changed into energy. Insulin resistance is when the body's cells do not respond normally to insulin. As a result, your insulin blood levels become higher than normal. Sometimes insulin resistance may lead to type two diabetes.

Although there is no “cure” for PCOS, there are ways to manage its symptoms. Your doctor may suggest certain methods of birth control that will regulate your menstrual cycle. Losing weight may also help with the symptoms of PCOS to lower your blood glucose levels, improve the way your body uses insulin, and help your hormones reach normal levels.

One major myth about PCOS is that it is a rare condition. It is quite the contrary, in fact; it is estimated that between five and 10 percent of U.S. women of childbearing age have PCOS. That’s about 5 million women.

People with PCOS may struggle mentally, emotionally, and physically. Oftentimes, PCOS will affect appearance, leading to insecurity. Additionally, PCOS takes a toll on women’s health; mood swings, depression, and anxiety are commonly linked with PCOS.

Knowing this information, how can we support and uplift women struggling with PCOS? First of all, provide comfort and be understanding when listening to a woman with PCOS. On the other hand, if they are not comfortable sharing their experience, respect their boundaries, and avoid questions that may come off as insensitive. A simple thing you may do to spread awareness about PCOS is to tell your friends and family about the syndrome! Dispel any myths they may have, and answer their questions to the best of their ability.

Let’s take this month to support one another, especially women with PCOS! Remember, a simple act of kindness can make someone’s day. Choose to be kind.